https://www.nonlinearplasma.com/home daily 1.0 2022-07-29 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5fe078b8ed4b90052b9b283e/0ee743ab-6d51-4cc2-9e28-8c12fc138cdd/plasmareactor.jpeg Home - Support the Plasmareactor project Any donation you provide will go towards the research, design and manufacturing costs of building a prototype Plasma Reactor (Patent pending) and eventually make space travel more accessible to the human race. https://www.nonlinearplasma.com/donate daily 0.75 2021-12-20 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5fe078b8ed4b90052b9b283e/1621303881284-MOMXJ0BGK4BGRC2RAW2C/ripple+2.jpg Donate - Ripple (XRP) rPpyw24FW9PwBLZZ8ePKetD9fpQJDgbLjp https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5fe078b8ed4b90052b9b283e/5f665a59-ea46-4acb-9b94-74f658e7e930/algo.jpg Donate - Algorand (ALGO) FAIBB7YB27AYGEFGDGIYAPHIY3CZBNAFE7NYWEJPLK3XVV2CHZ4FYIKIFM https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5fe078b8ed4b90052b9b283e/1621304104835-T9P1O6PWPS5YZGEEP7NO/XLM+2.jpg Donate - Stella (XLM) GCU4YXSN2UW6WU5NXCBU2V5VF6BP3FIIURVFY4RQM63XTZKHYMYNUCBM https://www.nonlinearplasma.com/plasmareactor daily 0.75 2022-10-19 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5fe078b8ed4b90052b9b283e/183421b9-6c31-473c-94ae-4856606df949/WhatsApp+Image+2022-07-08+at+3.09.45+PM.jpeg Plasma Reactor - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://www.nonlinearplasma.com/solar-cycle daily 0.75 2022-09-19 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5fe078b8ed4b90052b9b283e/b170606f-13b3-4ba0-811b-3220e4a29608/fspas-09-937930-g001.jpg Solar Cycle - What is the Magnetic Solar Cycle? The Magnetic Solar Cycle is the periodic change that occurs to the Sun’s Magnetic structure over the course of the roughly 22 years it takes for the Sun to roll twice over its axis. The cycle has 2 Solar minimum and 2 Solar maximum, each roughly 5.5 years long. During Solar minimum the magnetic structure forms a spherical toroidal magnetic structure from pole to pole, with a powerful Z-Pinch inside the Star. This structure forms a dipole to the Equatorial perspective and a Quadrupole to the Poloidal perspective. During Solar maximum the magnetic structure forms 3 seperate toroidal magnetic structures. In-between each toroidal magnetic structure, field lines are shown to exit where the opposing magnetic structures meet. This results in considerable surface activity and the formation of Sun Spots and Solar Flares. The Z-Pinch is no longer at a uniform potential difference along the Z axis of the Star. The Poloidal perspectives does not observed any change to the Magnetic quadrupole structure. The Equatorial perspective has changed direction/phase and now exits/enter above or below the Equator where the waves merge between the 3 quadrupoles. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5fe078b8ed4b90052b9b283e/c2fcf9e5-b4d6-4b3e-9925-4aa417773815/WhatsApp+Image+2022-07-08+at+1.14.34+PM.jpeg Solar Cycle - Solar Cycle Magnetic Structure in 2D The National Astronomical Observatory of Japan provided a graphic of the 2D Magnetic field change of 1 phase of the 2 phase 22 year cycle. In this graphic the uniform Toroidal field during Solar minimum is shown to have a cycle of 11 years. Which is Equal to half the cycle of the 22 year oscillation. While in-between the Solar maximum Magnetic field structure is shown as a Quadrupole with the field lines exiting the Equatorial region. The arrows on top of the field lines do not represent propagation direction of the 3D Magnetic Wave. They are used to represent the flight direction of potential energy of the Helical Wave. Helicity - flight/spin direction of the wave is shown using positive and negative symbols and arrows. During the period that North is positive and South is negative, the “phase” of the wave remains the same so long as the observers orientation remains the same. Obviously since our perspective is stationary and the wave is coming towards us from the Northern hemisphere and going away from us in to the South Pole we must record a change in Phase. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5fe078b8ed4b90052b9b283e/0f95c3ba-59b6-4726-bb66-14e5561d538c/WhatsApp+Image+2022-07-08+at+9.51.48+AM.jpeg Solar Cycle - Quadrupole Magnetic Structure A Quadrupole inside a Dipole has only 2 possible combinations of Rotations and Roll, these are 720* of Roll in 360* of Rotation around the Poloidal axis and the twin 360* rolling waves that complete 360* of rotation around the Toroids Poloidal axis. Not accounting for procession, this would produce a Helical trajectory of 1* for the equal and opposite components of the central Plasma Toroid. Image Courtesy of NOAA NCEI/CIRES https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5fe078b8ed4b90052b9b283e/31a6ea26-bff0-4b6f-9ca3-3ae5aba16a26/WhatsApp+Image+2022-09-19+at+12.51.04.jpeg Solar Cycle - Magnetic Declination of the Quadrants of a Toroid or a Single Turn Electrical Coil Replacing 2D field lines with 3D Quadrupole Lobes such as those found by the Helical Motion of the Proton in a Hydrogen atom, the particle of masses motion creating 360* of Roll in 360* of Rotation to produce the “electron clouds” that match the wave function. The identical motion around the central Quadrupole Toroid shown opposite and the 720* cyclotron motion in the vortices shown below produce 3 sets of 8 quadrupole lobes that rotate at the same speed as the rotating Plasma Current that is producing them. Since the Sun is known to rotate faster at it Equator we can assume with certainty that the central quadrupole lobes move fast than the outer set. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5fe078b8ed4b90052b9b283e/74ee6fde-10ed-4eb0-8213-207d924a8e43/WhatsApp+Image+2022-09-18+at+17.52.55.jpeg Solar Cycle - Solar Minimum Internal Magnetic Structure 3D During Solar Minimum the alignment of Quadrupole Lobes parallel to the Poloidal Z-axis is always opposite, ie (SN)(SN)(SN) and the pattern is maintained in all orientations. This produces a uniform Z-pinch and a Uniform toroidal Magnetic 3D structure, it also brings low surface activity on our Sun. Due to the differential speed of rotation on the surface of the Sun as latitude increases from the Equator to the Poles. We can model the effects of a retarded phase angle that must exist as a result of plasma moving slower at the poles over the course of the 22 year solar Magnetic cycle. If we say that the solar minimum structure is present on day zero and assume that after 1 rotation of the centre Toroid of the Sun in 18 Earth days, it will be 0.8* advanced of the 2 Polar Quadrupoles positions around the same axis. At the roughly estimated 18 day Rotation period, the center toroid completes 20 days in 1 Earth year. The Angle of Trajectory for a superconducting toroidal lattice structure in 3D is 1.1*, since plasma is an electrically conducting fluid it has the ability to become a super conductor if such conditions are meet in the lattice structure of the toroid. All single turn electrical coils produce quadrupoles regardless of resistance as seen with Paul traps and Z-pinch fusion attempts. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5fe078b8ed4b90052b9b283e/5e6736a5-aa8a-4f82-83e0-034cd6aed380/WhatsApp+Image+2022-09-18+at+17.53.14.jpeg Solar Cycle - Solar Maximun Internal Magnetic Structure 3D The image opposite shows the Quadrupole alignment after 90* of advancement of the centre Toroid. The quadrants align so the red phase is opposite another red phase and likewise the blue phases are opposite the blue phase of the above outer quadrupoles. To complete 90* roughly takes 5.5 years and positions every Poloidal plain parallel to the Z axis as (NS)(SN)(NS). This creates a magnetic 3D structure entirely different from Solar minimum and that is creating considerable surface activity and Solar flaring from Sun Spots around area’s of high Magnetic intensity. To complete the other 3 quadrants of the 2 phase 22 year Solar Magnetic cycle, the centre toroid will complete the advance of each quadrant of the 360* every 5.5 years. This is the first and only mechanism for predicting the Solar Magnetic field changes that occur’s periodically though the Solar Cycle. This information would not be possible without the understanding of Plasma that has went into the design of the Plasma Reactor. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5fe078b8ed4b90052b9b283e/0c84cbf5-6bd1-4fd9-ad64-ab699133a527/oo_388751.jpg Solar Cycle - Petroglyphs Showing the 3 Toroids Around a Z-Pinch The recent discovery of rock art from Iran by Mahmood Kolnegari, Mohammad Naserifard, Mandana Hazrati, Matan Shelomi and the many other Squatterman images from Petroglyphs around the world it is possible to understand why these images were seen as so important to all cultures world wide at the time. These images have been created in plasma by using a very high voltage discharge in the medium. Unfortunately these images can not be show to you on this website due to permission being denied. However the link above will take you straight to a search engine result of the many Petroglyphs that have been documented. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5fe078b8ed4b90052b9b283e/dd66ca2f-ef58-4101-8b9d-58ea232313b9/WhatsApp+Image+2022-07-11+at+4.30.46+PM.jpeg Solar Cycle - Procession Across the Galactic Magnetic Declination The Exact Trajectory of our Solar System can not be calculated due to insufficient data. In the image opposite we can see the effects of the larger Galactic Equatorial current sheet wave that has Equipotential lines similar to that of Earths Magnetic Declination map. As we rotate over these long period waves we periodically transition from grand solar maximum to grand solar minimum. We do have sufficient rough data to calculate the trajectory of Earth around the Solar System from a galactic perspective. By using 1 quarter of both the distances travelled by the Sun and Earth in 1 year we can roughly calculate the trajectory using trigonometry. Sun = 1812500000000 in 3 months Earth = 235000000km in 3 months Angle of trajectory for Earth = 0.007429* In this system the Galactic Magnetic Structure plays a vital role in controlling our Sun’s cycles. We can not assume the Solar System to be an independent system. The magnetic wave that produces the current sheet, is focused to the centre of the Sun due to the spherical shape. The shape acts like 2 concave lenses to the wave, the Suns surface acts like a wave guide focusing the Galactic energy into the core to power our star. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5fe078b8ed4b90052b9b283e/d36427c6-632c-4aa7-959a-cff81baf8d52/WhatsApp+Image+2022-07-08+at+3.43.36+PM.jpg Solar Cycle - Point source waves around a point in 3 dimensions The Plasma Reactor utilises the potential difference created by the volume decreasing on the Z-Pinch since energy is only conserved in the direction of travel around the toroid, this can be calculated roughly by using the Inverse square law in reverse. Since the inverse Square Law represents the Wave front expanding into an ever increasing volume perpendicular to the propagation direction. This is measured by the surface area of a sphere increasing inversely to its volume. Since a Toroid can be considered to produce a wave in all directions we can assume due to volume decreasing the energy intensity increases exponentially as it approaches the Z-axis, this formula is used in E=MC2. The Constant refers to the volume required for compressed matter in a system to expand to equilibrium. E=MC2 is at its mathematical core the reverse of the Inverse Square Law, since Time is a distance measurement. https://www.nonlinearplasma.com/aboutus daily 0.75 2022-07-30 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5fe078b8ed4b90052b9b283e/1621479331159-UXVFZF2TLYD548R3QT5N/profile%2Bw%2Bdark%2Bcircle.jpg About Us Scott Rennie Electrical/Mechanical Engineer Founder Non Linear Plasma https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5fe078b8ed4b90052b9b283e/15fbaa1b-0c32-483a-946b-a7ab31f78d7d/WhatsApp+Image+2022-07-29+at+1.53.37+PM.jpeg About Us Swan 441 Solo Sailing By allowing myself the time to study the wind and the waves over curved surfaces it became easier to understand how the energy is compressed and released. https://www.nonlinearplasma.com/external-literature daily 0.75 2022-07-12 https://www.nonlinearplasma.com/magnetotail daily 0.75 2022-07-29 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5fe078b8ed4b90052b9b283e/e8106d82-bc39-4624-afa1-c40fcf86b7bf/WhatsApp+Image+2022-07-14+at+1.58.56+PM.jpeg Magnetotail - Solar Wind Distortion of Magnetosphere The Velocity of the Solar Wind compresses the forward facing components of the Magnetosphere, while at the same time expanding the rear components. The Quadrupole Moment between the compressed quadrants and expanded quadrants of the Magnetosphere is shown in the graphic as a Dipole due to the Equatorial Perspective that has been used. The white lines of a Plasmoid are shown in the tail, this feature is common to all Magnetosphere that exhibit motion though fast moving wind generated by Potential Difference in the larger Magnetosphere that it is rotating around. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5fe078b8ed4b90052b9b283e/a7d06e19-acbb-4cf0-be38-2486a2e25fb1/grl59443-fig-0001-m.png Magnetotail - Plasmoid C onfinement This Artist’s impression done from data collected from the Voyager probes flight path through the Magnetotail of Uranus. The density of Plasma due to Magnetic Confinement has the ability to form a Self-Sustaining Toroid from the confined dust cloud. As the toroid builds power it will look to align itself perpendicular to the larger field of the Magnetosphere. The Toroid is now orientated so as to Z-Pinch that larger fields rotation energy and during encounters with Dust the Toroid creates what appears as gravitational collapse of the Dust cloud. The result of this process is the formation of Moons, Planets or Stars as a stable Toroid can survive inside the protection of the Magnetotail due to a Doldrum like effect on potential difference in the region that limits the winds ability to rip the Plasmoid apart before it has the chance to grow. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5fe078b8ed4b90052b9b283e/f1f8d84a-c6f0-4bfe-8891-efa212f9c661/Schematic-of-a-flux-rope-ejected-from-the-Sun-the-apex-of-the-central-field-line-is-at-a.png Magnetotail - Plasmoid’s and Toroid’s. The “Helical Flux Rope tube” opposite is the confinement of plasma in a defined volume with uniform rotation around the central axis of a magnetic field. The systems volume is at entropy when considered as a straight cylindrical tube, however due to the geometry of the curve of the tube around the second poloidal axis (D in image opposite with the axis projecting into the screen from our position). If 1/2D = R to central axis, then the compression of potential energy on the inside curve must produce a Cartesian Oval in the 2 dimensional cross section of the flux tube at any cross section of the curve. The direction of rotation on the inside of the curve is uniform in the Z axis of the Plasmoid and this produces a merging wave that is equal and no longer opposite due to the change in direction of current in the flux tube loop around the axis. The Current sheet generated in an elongated Plasmoid is compressed into a Z-Pinch as the geometry of the Plasmoid breaks at the compression point to form a toroidal geometry around the Poloidal axis as the final disconnection from the larger field happens triggering the reconnection of the plasmid into a Toroid. As the toroid density increases due to confinement, the pressure on the Z-pinch also increases and current velocity increases with Potential difference between Negative and Positive Z that formed the Helical Poloidal current tube from the current sheet of the elongated Plasmoid. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5fe078b8ed4b90052b9b283e/16dbae07-b922-4c4f-ba07-dd85b4c37205/Solar_wind_Speed_interplanetary_magnetic_field.jpg Magnetotail - Weather patterns of the Heliosphere Extensive explantation of Heliospheric currents produced by the Plasmoids and Flux Rope Tubes can be examined in Fig 2D on Page 14. In that illustration the direction of roll in the Hadley and Ferrel cell of the Solar Heliospheric atmosphere is shown. The effects of these Helical flow patterns in 3D can be seen opposite on the velocity of the solar wind due to the decreased pressure differential between the doldrums region of the magnetic equational region of the Heliosphere. The speed of the Equatorial outflow is reduced due to the lower potential difference between any 2 points along that axis. In the larger 3D Heliosphere there exists multiply regions of confined particles flows. Between 2 currents where the induction of current is nullified by opposing rotating waves merging on that point. These Nodes create features like the Asteroid belt. An experimental example of this can be done by levitating a table tennis ball in the node between 2 loops of a sound wave travelling in both directions. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5fe078b8ed4b90052b9b283e/2ac3e826-6eeb-4fce-b963-c3827b7c8e31/WhatsApp+Image+2022-07-19+at+4.01.19+PM.jpeg Magnetotail - The Helical Motion Around The 2nd Axis The Helical Motion of a looping flux tube can be seen to rotate in the same direction, so long as the observers orientation to the direction of travel is maintained. The effect of this is that the helical flux tube produces an identical Magnetic structure to that of a single turn electrical conductor of the same shape. The wave of Helical Motion travels outward from the central axis of the flux tube (or single turn coil) in all directions and does so from 360* around the Theta or Z-Pinch axis. Since the wave travelling away from the 360* “point source” loses energy inversely to the volume that it is expanding into due to the wave face having to cover the surface area of the larger sphere. Since we are predominantly concerned with the waves inward direction towards the Theta axis and the effects of decreasing volume on the waves potential energy. Since energy must be conserved in a wave and potential difference requires a volume measurement, as volume decreases the amplitude of the wave increases. The computer generated wave peak from this process can be seen opposite. https://www.nonlinearplasma.com/magnetosphere daily 0.75 2022-10-19 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5fe078b8ed4b90052b9b283e/dbf9fbe0-6ae7-4b7a-b8ed-e5348625ced4/1_Blog2.JPG Magnetosphere - Magnetic Confinement of Magnetosphere The image opposite is the typical 2D representation of the different layers of our atmosphere. It is well understood that the field lines are perpendicular to the surface of our planet at all points around the sphere. This means the direction of propagation must be perpendicular to the surface of the sphere in all directions. The spheroidal wave face loses energy as its surface area increases inversely to the rate of volume increasing, In the direction of propagation the energy in the wave obeys the conservation of energy, while perpendicular to the propagation the volume expands, thus the energy density decreases inversely under the Wave as distance from source increases (cyclotron wave loses energy inversely due to being perpendicular to the helical wave which conserves energy) . https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5fe078b8ed4b90052b9b283e/55f1a208-6791-4a54-a33f-9d9c3cd0960b/WhatsApp+Image+2022-07-12+at+1.21.18+PM.jpeg Magnetosphere - Atmospheric Circulation I have added to the original image courtesy of the ESA website linked on the image. The toroid shaped coil is position to show the source and trajectory of the Plasma inside the Planet. The 2D field lines on the right of the image are used to explain the split in flows between each cell, something that does not occur on Venus. The structural difference can be explained by using a spherical toroid where the polar vortices become part of the toroid, unlike Earths as shown below. Also added to the image is the Helical Vortex structures that form the High and Low pressure systems from the potential difference created in-between 2 adjacent cells. Like any Potential difference, current is generated and flows from high potential to low potential. It should be Firmly understood that in 3 dimensional space a difference in Potential energy can be opposite, but it can’t be negative potential as it remains the same height above the same reference point, thus it can only cancel out if it has an Equal and opposite component around a common axis. Which all spheres and helical 3D waves do. The helical motion (wave) of all 8 quadrants of the spheroidal or toroidal Quadrupoles propagate outwards perpendicular to the surface thus creating a toroidal motion at 90 degrees to the surface around each confinement shell. The creation of Potential differences between opposing toroidal rotating flows around the confinement shells induce current in the lower Atmosphere and from the current in the Hadley, Ferrel and Polar confinement cells is induced the High and Low pressure cells. The Jet Streams are also toroidal flows and can be consider “helically confined plasma current”. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5fe078b8ed4b90052b9b283e/7058ca90-306b-4ec4-9987-f594366150c3/WhatsApp+Image+2022-10-06+at+11.33.48.jpeg Magnetosphere - Quadrupoles inside Dipoles The Magnetic Model of Earths interior Toroidal dynamo was done by Los Alamos National Laboratory, as was the Plasma Squatter Man image. The 2 images show the same patterns of motion that generate the Quadrupole from the Poloidal perspective of the Magnetic field that is typical of any helical motion to rotating current around the Theta axis or Z-pinch axis. The helical rotation of Super-ionic Liquid Plasma around Earth’s central toroid produces the magnetic field of our Planet. Top Left -The motion has been mapped in the Magnetic declination model. The inserted helical shape is the trajectory produced around a Quadrupole trap. The Helical motion around the quadrupole can be seen to roll 720* in 360*. Top Right - a simple image using magnetic field vectors to show the direction of roll and the produced opposite declination of each quadrupole lobe. Orange Toroids - centre tilted Toroid shows 2D Magnetic field vector and electric field vector, when combined they produce the 2 sets of 8 quadrupole lobes in 3 Dimensions only when the equal and opposite components of the toroid complete 360* of Roll (red arrow) in 360* or rotation (blue arrow). The 2 Polar vortices like flows that feed and extract Plasma from the Z-pinch also create the same combined vectors between magnetic and electric field lines. Due to difference between a Vortex and a Toroid, the motion that creates the Quadrupole changes to 720* of Roll in 360* of rotation. Squatter Man Lobes - these 3 sets of Lobes are split across the Equator of each flow. When each of the 3 motions are in phase the alignment is synchronised to create a uniform Spheroidal shape to the Magnetic field. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5fe078b8ed4b90052b9b283e/1dab79fc-d6db-435e-a23d-8673aa4f57c1/WhatsApp+Image+2022-07-13+at+2.37.46+PM.jpeg Magnetosphere - Spheroidal Matryoshka Dolls Matryoshka Spheroidal Dolls inside each other; a simple demonstration that can allow us to see 2 perspectives of each Spheroidal component of the overall Magnetic field structure. Colour coding the individual Spheroidal dolls identically with the opposite colour being painted on each opposite surface, eg; inside and out around the same hemisphere will be opposite. The observers position relative to the distance from source, now has to consider that the declination of the field inward is the opposite to the declination of the same field outward. This means that any object rotating in a magnetic field will observe a change every time it completes 180* of rotation, thus any rotating object must produce a rotating current inside its atomic structure. This happens as the “electron shells” rotate to the observed change, with electron shells around either end of the poloidal axis being colour coded red, blue, red, blue to form the Atomic Wave Functions Quadrupoles. https://www.nonlinearplasma.com/lift-forces daily 0.75 2022-07-29 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5fe078b8ed4b90052b9b283e/fb01f1c0-aab1-4c62-8766-6451845a0657/image006.gif Lift Forces - Surface Waves and the Helical motion of an Ionic medium The motion of Ionic waves in a Plasma medium such as air over the surface of water is transferred into the water via induction. First forming ripples which then merge and grow as wind velocity and Ion concentration increases. The surface wave propagates though the water in roughly the same direction as the ionic wave. As the helical waves central axis is curved around the forward facing surface of the wave producing lift, which sucks the water up to allow the wave to propagate in the direction of motion. As the helical waves advances it curve up the rear side of the wave face and is compressed into a smaller volume, the drag created by this process push the wave down to its peak potential energy value. Since the surface of the water is providing the resistance to compress the helical wave of the pressure system and the direction of the wave front becomes almost parallel to the surface of the water. When building a Sinusoidal Surface wave to demonstrate the effect of moving energy, Eric Laithewaite’s model uses a rotating helical screw to move rods up and down to demonstrate wave propagation. (demonstration starts @ 10 min mark) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5fe078b8ed4b90052b9b283e/f5376ed1-a6ad-4f67-add7-944e538f444a/3-s2.0-B9780124158450000074-f07-05-9780124158450.jpg Lift Forces - The Ripple Effect on Helical Waves The uniform motion of the rotating atoms inside a Magnetic “field” build up to larger and larger waves, each wave has been given different names. The first wave in the series is the Proton and “Neutron’s” motion around the barycenter of the atom.This forms the wave function of the atom with each rotating peak being termed the electron. The next wave is called the Ion, the full volume of it motion can change with velocity and the ion concentration increases as a result. This process in parallel electromagnetic waves governs the attractive force of Coulomb’s Law. The increased energy density compresses the wave function of each atom under the larger wave and can be seen as the force that is measured by Bernoulli’s equation for fluid flow created by compression a the fluid by gravitational potential energy. Lift can then be considered the opposite force, or anti-gravity. Negative potential does not exist in electromagnetism or gravity, because every helical wave is in enthalpy due to equal and opposite potential. It should be noted that Negative and Opposite are not the same thing, equal potential is only opposite to 1 reference point, which is the central axis of the wave. All points around the flux rope tube attract too this point. This can be termed the zero point of gravity or the barycentre of equal and opposite reactions. In 3D simulations of multiple Flux Rope Tubes we must remove the negative and replace it with a positive but opposite value. When calculating 2 opposite helical wave peaks moving in the opposite direction to each other, the potential energy is the sum of both wave as they converge on the Theta axis. The standing Exponential wave peak around a 360* helical current was mistakenly called Magnetic field lines. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5fe078b8ed4b90052b9b283e/f1f8d84a-c6f0-4bfe-8891-efa212f9c661/Schematic-of-a-flux-rope-ejected-from-the-Sun-the-apex-of-the-central-field-line-is-at-a.png Lift Forces - Curvature of a Flux Rope Tube The method described above for the generation of lift in front of surface waves, can also be applied to a fixed surface such as an airplane wing or hydrofoil. As we curve the central Z axis of each wave parallel to the direction of travel we compresses the inner curve and expand the outer curve. Since energy density (Potential difference) between 2 points requires the volume under a wave to remain the same to maintain enthalpy. As volume changes potential difference increases and lift is generated where the curve expands the distance between multiple waves in the flux rope tubes of the ionic medium. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5fe078b8ed4b90052b9b283e/f802cd0e-40ce-42bd-8bbd-76484de52a26/Lift-Force-Newtons-Law-min.png Lift Forces - Newton’s third law ‘Lift is caused by a flow deflection of the airstream behind the airfoil.’ Ignoring the error in the above statement by using the word “behind” the airfoil, obviously lift cannot be generated from behind the surface in which the lift is being generated perpendicular too. The air flow in the shaded arrows are a 2D representation of the Flux Rope Tube above. The manipulation of the direction of travel can be seen around the double skin foil. This explanation holds true for single skin foils such as yacht sails, which use a single layer of fabric to generate lift perpendicular to the curvature of the sail cloth. Lift generated by a yacht’s sail is largely ignored by high school physics teachers when discussing the incorrect theories on lift that have been proposed thus far. The 3 most common have been disproven by NASA, yet this is generally not discussed in textbooks. https://www.nonlinearplasma.com/tidal-forces daily 0.75 2022-11-02 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5fe078b8ed4b90052b9b283e/7747e900-66c4-4de3-ba42-a176cd28f1c9/WhatsApp+Image+2022-11-02+at+11.47.57.jpeg Tidal Forces - The Lunar Tidal Cycle Please read Lift forces prior to reading this section. The tidal cycle that is displayed in the Nautical Almanac’s has a cycle rate of roughly 30 days from 1 point to the same point in the next cycle. This means that 1 wavelength of the tidal sinusoidal wave is 2 days longer than the orbital period of the sidereal of the Moon from the perspective of the oceans that rotate with the planet around the common centre of “gravity”. The Synodic Lunar Month is the cycle relevant to the position of the Sun, its period is 29 days 12 hours. It is clear the Tidal periods mechanism is tied to this period and not the sidereal cycle. Why is this important? If we say that the mass of 2 objects rotating around a common centre of “Gravity” and that the orbital period of this cycle is 27 Days and 7 hours then we must also assume the period of the Mass interacting with the ocean on the larger rotating celestial object must follow the same period. Therefore if mass is attracting mass to create the tides as is commonly understood then the period should be the sidereal cycle. In reality the Moons interaction with the magnetosphere of our Planet follows the Synodic cycle because the magnetosphere only rotates once per year. The change in the Magnetosphere then creates the tidal effects. If we were to use the sidereal cycle the period of the tide would quickly become out of Phase, if mass attracting mass was true we would see the 27.3 day period somewhere in the measured tidal height. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5fe078b8ed4b90052b9b283e/f0b2be79-5d1d-4fc1-be4d-159f2af9a0ca/222894main_magnetotail_20080416_HI.jpg Tidal Forces - Gravitational Tidal Forces The Key to Understanding the effects of both the standing and rotating sinusoidal wave that is lifting the ocean of our planet every half rotation is in the period of the wave. It is full understood that the timing of the tide under the magnetotail leading up to and away from the full Moon is largely unaffected by the procession of the Moon around our planet. This means that the Moon’s influence over the sinusoidal wave that is effecting the density of the ocean is largely limited to it’s amplitude. The procession of the rotating wave generated by the Moon’s orbital period though the magnetotail of the planet interacts with the standing wave that is fixed to the direction of travel. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5fe078b8ed4b90052b9b283e/ac592e64-1cf0-4695-98f9-3eaca52b98c1/WhatsApp+Image+2022-07-28+at+12.03.54+PM.jpeg Tidal Forces - The Magnus Effect Over The Magnetosphere The rotation of Earth’s magnetosphere and the interaction of the solar wind over the entire magnetotail induces pressure on the Dawn and Dusk region of our planet, shown in the image opposite by the standard method using tightly compacted lines of Equal pressure. The Lift on the illustration is not representing the lift force on the ocean, it is describing the curl that generates the helical motion our planet makes around the Galaxy. This pressure is actually pushing the ocean down to the peak potential energy (gravitational tidal energy). While on the day and night side of our planet the ocean is being sucked up by lower pressure and pushed up by the energy in the higher potential at the dawn and dusk location. This is an identical process to the lift forces found when atmospheric wind travels over the ocean surface. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5fe078b8ed4b90052b9b283e/6b0f0b76-cb53-4744-88b7-fd37263eacdb/tidal_month.png Tidal Forces - Signal Wave and Carrier Waves The period of the Moon’s single peak sinusoidal wave inside the twin peak standing wave of the magnetosphere over the full lunar cycle is shown opposite. During the 2 neap tides whilst the phase of the Moon is perpendicular to the direction of travel the amplitude of the oceans is slightly different. The mechanism for this variation is the rotation that is producing the Magnus Effect above. In the direction of motion the illustration shows the pressure lines compressed slightly further on the dusk side compared to the dawn side. This creates the small variation seen between the 2 neap tides. For Newtonian gravity to mathematically predict this small variation between the 2 neap tides, the mass of either object must change or the distance between the Moon and Earth must vary ever 14 days. Unfortunately I have seen no evidence of this to be the case and therefore the laws of motion must be updated, as has been said by the likes of Eric Laithewaite. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5fe078b8ed4b90052b9b283e/0f455cac-1086-4cb9-882c-6e95879d8575/WhatsApp+Image+2022-07-28+at+1.20.46+PM.jpeg Tidal Forces - Oceanic Loops & Nodes The variation in tidal height during the exact same tidal wave as it processes over the Timor sea is show opposite, the link on this image will take you to a fabulous educational video by Sir Lawrence Bragg and The Ri on electromagnetic Loops and Nodes. The Sinusoidal pattern opposite is fixed to the surface of the planet. This means that the source of the wave must be rotating at an identical speed as the planet. Obviously it is impossible for this source of this tidal variation to be the Moon, Sun or Magnetotail. The source must be inside the planet. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5fe078b8ed4b90052b9b283e/a8297593-aa16-45fe-bed2-ae8596b30cb0/top-view-ferromagnetic-fluid-with-warm-colours-shades_23-2148253617.jpg Tidal Forces - Ferro-Magnetic Fluid Magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) is the term given to Plasma mediums, since (salt) waters movement is controlled by MHD due to waters polar structure it can be considered a ferromagnetic fluid. Since the magnetic wave of our planet are identical to all single turn electromagnets and similar to Permanent magnets, it can be useful to visualise how the Loops and Nodes form around smaller magnets. The attached video on this image is from The Action Lab. The density of the ferrofluid increases considerable in the vicinity of the strong magnet. This is the power of “Gravity” acting on the fluid. Since it is should be no surprise to most people that molten Lava with a high metal content such as the Super-ionic Plasma inside the core of our Planet must act in a similar manner and increase its own density as it rotates around the toroid to produces the Magnetosphere. https://www.nonlinearplasma.com/electromagnetism daily 0.75 2022-08-04 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5fe078b8ed4b90052b9b283e/f31cd709-4438-4785-8664-6587c5f76c50/WhatsApp+Image+2022-07-31+at+1.33.39+PM.jpeg Electromagnetism - Ampere’s Law The mathematical equations from Ampere’s Law show that the trajectory of motion of electromagnetism around a conductor is Helical in nature. The 2 basic motions are described, with each propagation manifesting into Laws of physics. Helicity of particle physics is used to describe waves of motion that have equal and opposite components. This means a double helical wave with 2 opposite peaks attract each other to their common central axis and do not expand inversely with distance in the direction of travel along the Z-axis if velocity is maintained. Cyclotron motion is associated with Fibonacci sequence and is used to describe waves of motion that are of single peak in nature and thus expands inversely as it propagates along its axis. Commonly known as the Inverse Square Law Chirality is the enantiomer of helical motion, ie. The mirror image of rotation in the direction of travel. Observers with the mirrored perspective of the same helical motion will view the opposite value. Ie; Positive is Negative, North is South, Spin up is Spin down, Clockwise is Anti-clockwise. The illustration of 2 parallel conductors show us that Coulomb’s Law manifests when 2 identical waves travel in the same direction. Since a central observer between both waves must rotate his perspective to view each conductor and thus views spin up to his left and spin down to his right the 2 conductors attract each other when current flows. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5fe078b8ed4b90052b9b283e/5bada1f9-00cb-4280-a7db-10507ba1d8a3/WhatsApp+Image+2022-08-01+at+1.11.14+PM.jpeg Electromagnetism - Parallel Rotation of the Poloidal Axis of the Atomic wave function Atoms of all shapes and sizes produce what has been commonly referred to as electron shells, which is the simplest 2D perspective of a 3D object. Advancing to a 3D perspective we call the shells electron clouds and electron orbitals that form the Schrödinger Wave Equation of Quantum Mechanics. Each orbital forms a quadrant of the overall Quadrupole when viewed from the poloidal perspective, which then forms the dipole from the Equatorial perspective. The outside of each electron shell rotates in the same direction to any equatorial frame of reference. “It is convenient to switch from Cartesian coordinates to spherical coordinates in terms of a radius r, as well as angles ϕ, which is measured from the positive x axis in the xy plane and may be between 0 and 2π, and θ, which is measured from the positive z axis towards the xy plane and may be between 0 and π“. Since electromagnetic waves exists in a 3 dimensional universe we must lose the 2D understanding of magnetic field lines and progress to 3D magnetospheres and Helical wave functions. Thankfully this is not complicated and in fact the math has already been done for us by Schrödinger. The only thing left to do is apply the correct coordinate system to electromagnetic waves such as Light, Electricity, Magnetism and Gravity. Unification of all forces is simple when we remove the negative value of an electromagnetic wave with an equal but opposite value. This must be done because when we reverse any wave in 3 dimensions the opposite value is no longer opposite. This effect can be understood by rotating a spherical object in front of a Mirror. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5fe078b8ed4b90052b9b283e/12eade41-ef68-4b6e-8bb7-7ab8f48b5da9/WhatsApp+Image+2022-08-04+at+11.05.36+AM.jpeg Electromagnetism - Orbital Nodes “What is a Node? Consider the sine function sin x as a simple wave function Ψ. The diagram below shows: when sin x is greater than zero, the phase of the wave is positive when sin x is less than zero, the phase of the wave is negative when sin x is zero, the point is described as a node” From the above Quoted statement linked on the image, we can see that the Negative value comes from the fact the wave is below the axis as orientated to a single observer. If that observer was rotated 180* around either axis (his own axis or the waves) the values must change sign from positive to negative, since “above” and “below” have changed to his orientation. “sin2 x has identical nodes to sin x the value of sin2 x has no negative values where the phase of Ψ was positive the phase of Ψ2 is still positive where the phase of Ψ was negative the phase of Ψ2 is still negative nodes separate positive and negative phases” Now we look at the same Wave Measured from the point source in 3 dimensional space and we see that the negative value of the wave disappears. The Equal value between both waves is still visible however the negative value is now above the axis, this is due to the opposite rotation (chirality)of the wave. The definition of Negative has changed from a location below the measured axis to a phase, clearly this is 2 different measurement scales and has not been accounted for in the mathematical framework. The central observer (Theta) between the same wave travelling in both directions (such as an electrical coil) acts like a Bridge Rectifier to the Electromagnetic Helical wave. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5fe078b8ed4b90052b9b283e/62b36662-fbf7-4e31-ad0e-7c335a9cdeff/3s-nodes-phases.png Electromagnetism - Quantum Nodes Equal and Opposite - Opposite and Negative are equally measured in the 2D mathematical framework and this needs to be rectified in order to unify all the forces since it is not true in our 3D reality as shown by the terminology being change to “phase”. Notice the Flip in Phase as the wave heads outward either side of the nodes. The opposite observer must see the phase reversed due to his orientation changing to the waves rotational direction. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5fe078b8ed4b90052b9b283e/5a1898f9-984a-4a4e-abea-521ca1212299/WhatsApp+Image+2022-08-04+at+12.28.12+PM.jpeg Electromagnetism - Schrödinger's Cat The famous thought experiment proposed by Edwin Schrödinger's has only 2 possible states. Since all 3D wave function’s actual have 3 possible states. These being “Positive” spin up phase, “negative” spin down Phase and the deconstructive Node phase. Therefore the answer to the thought experiment is that the cat is sleeping during the Node Phase, during the spin up “positive” phase the cat is having his belly rubbed and purring like a nice little kitten and the opposite phase called the spin down “Negative” phase the Cats mode (mood) has turned and he has decided your arm is no longer welcome in his box. Another easier to visualise example would be a spinning coin between 2 observers. The first observer must always view the opposite of the second observer, except when the edge (Node) of the coin faces both observers.